#5 Big Five / SLOAN
#5 SLOAN / Big Five
I. SLOAN
a. SLOAN Descriptions
II. Big Five
__I. Big 5 (SLOAN)__
Introduction: https://similarminds.com/sloan.html
Big 5 is rather simple and only focuses on dichotomies. Big 5 types can also change over time, according to the theory. So Big 5 types aren't really something that analyzes you in a broad life-long context like many other typology systems, but instead works more in the moment to assess your current tendencies in 5 areas.
Social or Reserved
Limbic or Calm
Organized or Unstructured
Accommodating or Egocentric
Non-curious or Inquisitive
||= Primary type
//= Secondary type
B (uppercase) = High preference
b (lowercase) = Mild preference
-B- = 75%
x = Mid-range
Global 5 Primary Type Descriptions
https://similarminds.com/global5/social.html
Extroversion - Social and Reserved type
--Social types feel at ease interacting with to others
--Reserved types are uncomfortable and/or disinterested with social interaction
Emotional Stability - Limbic and Calm type
--Limbic types are prone to moodiness
--Calm types maintain level emotions
Orderliness - Organized and Unstructured type
--Organized types are focused
--Unstructured types are scattered
Accommodation - Accommodating and Egocentric type
--Accommodating types live for others
--Egocentric types live for themselves
Intellect - Non-curious and Inquisitive type
--Non-curious types are less intellectually driven
--Inquisitive types are insatiable in their quest to know more
Wikipedia - Descriptions of the particular personality traits[edit]
Openness to experience[edit]
Openness to experience is a general appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience. People who are open to experience are intellectually curious, open to emotion, sensitive to beauty and willing to try new things. They tend to be, when compared to closed people, more creative and more aware of their feelings. They are also more likely to hold unconventional beliefs. High openness can be perceived as unpredictability or lack of focus, and more likely to engage in risky behavior or drug-taking.[38] Moreover, individuals with high openness are said to pursue self-actualization specifically by seeking out intense, euphoric experiences. Conversely, those with low openness seek to gain fulfillment through perseverance and are characterized as pragmatic and data-driven – sometimes even perceived to be dogmatic and closed-minded. Some disagreement remains about how to interpret and contextualize the openness factor as there is a lack of biological support for this particular trait compared to the other four traits.[clarification needed][39]
Sample items[edit]
- I have a rich vocabulary.
- I have a vivid imagination.
- I have excellent ideas.
- I am quick to understand things.
- I use difficult words.
- I spend time reflecting on things.
- I am full of ideas.
- I have difficulty understanding abstract ideas. (Reversed)
- I am not interested in abstract ideas. (Reversed)
- I do not have a good imagination. (Reversed)
Conscientiousness[edit]
Conscientiousness is a tendency to display self-discipline, act dutifully, and strive for achievement against measures or outside expectations. It is related to the way in which people control, regulate, and direct their impulses. High conscientiousness is often perceived as being stubborn and focused. Low conscientiousness is associated with flexibility and spontaneity, but can also appear as sloppiness and lack of reliability.[37] High scores on conscientiousness indicate a preference for planned rather than spontaneous behavior.[41] The average level of conscientiousness rises among young adults and then declines among older adults.[42]
Sample items[40][edit]
- I am always prepared.
- I pay attention to details.
- I get chores done right away.
- I like order.
- I follow a schedule.
- I am exacting in my work.
- I leave my belongings around. (Reversed)
- I make a mess of things. (Reversed)
- I often forget to put things back in their proper place. (Reversed)
- I shirk my duties. (Reversed)
Extraversion[edit]
Extraversion is characterized by breadth of activities (as opposed to depth), surgency from external activity/situations, and energy creation from external means.[43] The trait is marked by pronounced engagement with the external world. Extraverts enjoy interacting with people, and are often perceived as full of energy. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented individuals. They possess high group visibility, like to talk, and assert themselves. Extraverted people may appear more dominant in social settings, as opposed to introverted people in this setting.[44]
Introverts have lower social engagement and energy levels than extraverts. They tend to seem quiet, low-key, deliberate, and less involved in the social world. Their lack of social involvement should not be interpreted as shyness or depression; instead they are more independent of their social world than extraverts. Introverts need less stimulation, and more time alone than extraverts. This does not mean that they are unfriendly or antisocial; rather, they are reserved in social situations.[1]
Generally, people are a combination of extraversion and introversion, with personality psychologist Hans Eysenck suggesting a model by which individual neurological differences produce these traits.[44]: 106
Sample items[40][edit]
- I am the life of the party.
- I feel comfortable around people.
- I start conversations.
- I talk to a lot of different people at parties.
- I do not mind being the center of attention.
- I do not talk a lot. (Reversed)
- I keep in the background. (Reversed)
- I have little to say. (Reversed)
- I do not like to draw attention to myself. (Reversed)
- I am quiet around strangers. (Reversed)
Agreeableness[edit]
The agreeableness trait reflects individual differences in general concern for social harmony. Agreeable individuals value getting along with others. They are generally considerate, kind, generous, trusting and trustworthy, helpful, and willing to compromise their interests with others.[1] Agreeable people also have an optimistic view of human nature.
Disagreeable individuals place self-interest above getting along with others. They are generally unconcerned with others' well-being, and are less likely to extend themselves for other people. Sometimes their skepticism about others' motives causes them to be suspicious, unfriendly, and uncooperative.[45] Low agreeableness personalities are often competitive or challenging people, which can be seen as argumentative or untrustworthy.[37]
Because agreeableness is a social trait, research has shown that one's agreeableness positively correlates with the quality of relationships with one's team members. Agreeableness also positively predicts transformational leadership skills. In a study conducted among 169 participants in leadership positions in a variety of professions, individuals were asked to take a personality test and have two evaluations completed by directly supervised subordinates. Leaders with high levels of agreeableness were more likely to be considered transformational rather than transactional. Although the relationship was not strong (r=0.32, β=0.28, p<0.01), it was the strongest of the Big Five traits. However, the same study showed no predictive power of leadership effectiveness as evaluated by the leader's direct supervisor.[46]
Conversely, agreeableness has been found to be negatively related to transactional leadership in the military. A study of Asian military units showed leaders with a high level of agreeableness to be more likely to receive a low rating for transformational leadership skills.[47] Therefore, with further research, organizations may be able to determine an individual's potential for performance based on their personality traits. For instance,[48] in their journal article "Which Personality Attributes Are Most Important in the Workplace?" Paul Sackett and Philip Walmsley claim that conscientiousness and agreeableness are “important to success across many different jobs."
Sample items[40][edit]
- I am interested in people.
- I sympathize with others' feelings.
- I have a soft heart.
- I take time out for others.
- I feel others' emotions.
- I make people feel at ease.
- I am not really interested in others. (Reversed)
- I insult people. (Reversed)
- I am not interested in other people's problems. (Reversed)
- I feel little concern for others. (Reversed)
Neuroticism[edit]
Neuroticism is the tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anger, anxiety, or depression.[49] It is sometimes called emotional instability, or is reversed and referred to as emotional stability. According to Hans Eysenck's (1967) theory of personality, neuroticism is interlinked with low tolerance for stress or aversive stimuli.[50] Neuroticism is a classic temperament trait that has been studied in temperament research for decades, before it was adapted by the Five Factors Model.[51] Those who score high in neuroticism are emotionally reactive and vulnerable to stress. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening. They can perceive minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. They also tend to be flippant in the way they express emotions. Their negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often in a bad mood. For instance, neuroticism is connected to a pessimistic approach toward work, to certainty that work impedes personal relationships, and to higher levels of anxiety from the pressures at work.[52] Furthermore, those who score high on neuroticism may display more skin-conductance reactivity than those who score low on neuroticism.[50][53] These problems in emotional regulation can diminish the ability of a person scoring high on neuroticism to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with stress. Lacking contentment in one's life achievements can correlate with high neuroticism scores and increase one's likelihood of falling into clinical depression. Moreover, individuals high in neuroticism tend to experience more negative life events,[49][54] but neuroticism also changes in response to positive and negative life experiences.[49][54] Also, individuals with higher levels of neuroticism tend to have worse psychological well-being.[55]
At the other end of the scale, individuals who score low in neuroticism are less easily upset and are less emotionally reactive. They tend to be calm, emotionally stable, and free from persistent negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not mean that low-scorers experience a lot of positive feelings.[56]
Neuroticism is similar but not identical to being neurotic in the Freudian sense (i.e., neurosis). Some psychologists prefer to call neuroticism by the term emotional instability to differentiate it from the term neurotic in a career test.
Sample items[40][edit]
- I get stressed out easily.
- I worry about things.
- I am easily disturbed.
- I get upset easily.
- I change my mood a lot.
- I have frequent mood swings.
- I get irritated easily.
- I often feel blue.
- I am relaxed most of the time. (Reversed)
- I seldom feel blue. (Reversed)
NEUROTICISM
Freud originally used the term neurosis to describe a condition marked by mental distress, emotional suffering, and an inability to cope effectively with the normal demands of life. He suggested that everyone shows some signs of neurosis, but that we differ in our degree of suffering and our specific symptoms of distress. Today neuroticism refers to the tendency to experience negative feelings. Those who score high on Neuroticism may experience primarily one specific negative feeling such as anxiety, anger, or depression, but are likely to experience several of these emotions. People high in neuroticism are emotionally reactive. They respond emotionally to events that would not affect most people, and their reactions tend to be more intense than normal. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish a neurotic's ability to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with stress.
At the other end of the scale, individuals who score low in neuroticism are less easily upset and are less emotionally reactive. They tend to be calm, emotionally stable, and free from persistent negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not mean that low scorers experience a lot of positive feelings; frequency of positive emotions is a component of the Extraversion domain.
Disagreeable individuals place self-interest above getting along with others. They are generally unconcerned with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend themselves for other people. Sometimes their skepticism about others' motives causes them to be suspicious, unfriendly, and uncooperative.
Agreeableness is obviously advantageous for attaining and maintaining popularity. Agreeable people are better liked than disagreeable people. On the other hand, agreeableness is not useful in situations that require tough or absolute objective decisions. Disagreeable people can make excellent scientists, critics, or soldiers.
Extraverts enjoy being with people, are full of energy, and often experience positive emotions. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented, individuals who are likely to say
Yes!or
Let's go!to opportunities for excitement. In groups they like to talk, assert themselves, and draw attention to themselves.
Introverts lack the exuberance, energy, and activity levels of extraverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key, deliberate, and disengaged from the social world. Their lack of social involvement should not be interpreted as shyness or depression; the introvert simply needs less stimulation than an extravert and prefers to be alone. The independence and reserve of the introvert is sometimes mistaken as unfriendliness or arrogance. In reality, an introvert who scores high on the agreeableness dimension will not seek others out but will be quite pleasant when approached.
Openness to Experience describes a dimension of cognitive style that distinguishes imaginative, creative people from down-to-earth, conventional people. Open people are intellectually curious, appreciative of art, and sensitive to beauty. They tend to be, compared to closed people, more aware of their feelings. They tend to think and act in individualistic and nonconforming ways. Intellectuals typically score high on Openness to Experience; consequently, this factor has also been called Culture or Intellect. Nonetheless, Intellect is probably best regarded as one aspect of openness to experience. Scores on Openness to Experience are only modestly related to years of education and scores on standard intelligent tests.
Another characteristic of the open cognitive style is a facility for thinking in symbols and abstractions far removed from concrete experience. Depending on the individual's specific intellectual abilities, this symbolic cognition may take the form of mathematical, logical, or geometric thinking, artistic and metaphorical use of language, music composition or performance, or one of the many visual or performing arts. People with low scores on openness to experience tend to have narrow, common interests. They prefer the plain, straightforward, and obvious over the complex, ambiguous, and subtle. They may regard the arts and sciences with suspicion, regarding these endeavors as abstruse or of no practical use. Closed people prefer familiarity over novelty; they are conservative and resistant to change.
Openness is often presented as healthier or more mature by psychologists, who are often themselves open to experience. However, open and closed styles of thinking are useful in different environments. The intellectual style of the open person may serve a professor well, but research has shown that closed thinking is related to superior job performance in police work, sales, and a number of service occupations.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
Conscientiousness concerns the way in which we control, regulate, and direct our impulses. Impulses are not inherently bad; occasionally time constraints require a snap decision, and acting on our first impulse can be an effective response. Also, in times of play rather than work, acting spontaneously and impulsively can be fun. Impulsive individuals can be seen by others as colorful, fun-to-be-with, and zany.
Nonetheless, acting on impulse can lead to trouble in a number of ways. Some impulses are antisocial. Uncontrolled antisocial acts not only harm other members of society, but also can result in retribution toward the perpetrator of such impulsive acts. Another problem with impulsive acts is that they often produce immediate rewards but undesirable, long-term consequences. Examples include excessive socializing that leads to being fired from one's job, hurling an insult that causes the breakup of an important relationship, or using pleasure-inducing drugs that eventually destroy one's health.
Impulsive behavior, even when not seriously destructive, diminishes a person's effectiveness in significant ways. Acting impulsively disallows contemplating alternative courses of action, some of which would have been wiser than the impulsive choice. Impulsivity also sidetracks people during projects that require organized sequences of steps or stages. Accomplishments of an impulsive person are therefore small, scattered, and inconsistent.
A hallmark of intelligence, what potentially separates human beings from earlier life forms, is the ability to think about future consequences before acting on an impulse. Intelligent activity involves contemplation of long-range goals, organizing and planning routes to these goals, and persisting toward one's goals in the face of short-lived impulses to the contrary. The idea that intelligence involves impulse control is nicely captured by the term prudence, an alternative label for the Conscientiousness domain. Prudent means both wise and cautious. Persons who score high on the Conscientiousness scale are, in fact, perceived by others as intelligent.
The benefits of high conscientiousness are obvious. Conscientious individuals avoid trouble and achieve high levels of success through purposeful planning and persistence. They are also positively regarded by others as intelligent and reliable. On the negative side, they can be compulsive perfectionists and workaholics. Furthermore, extremely conscientious individuals might be regarded as stuffy and boring. Unconscientious people may be criticized for their unreliability, lack of ambition, and failure to stay within the lines, but they will experience many short-lived pleasures and they will never be called stuffy.
a. SLOAN Descriptions
Each Type Description (R)
A
RCOAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcoai.html
RCOAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcoan.html
RLOAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rloan.html
RLOAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rloai.html
RLUAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rluai.html
RLUAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rluan.html
RCUAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcuan.html
RCUAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcuai.html
E
RCOEI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcoei.html
RCOEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcoen.html
RLOEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rloen.html
RLOEI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rloei.html
RLEUI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rluei.html
RLUEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rluen.html
RCUEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcuen.html
RCUEI: https://similarminds.com/global5/rcuei.html
Each Type Description (S)
A
SCOAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/scoai.html
SCOAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/scoan.html
SLOAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/sloan.html
SLOAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/sloai.html
SLUAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/sluai.html
SLUAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/sluan.html
SCUAN: https://similarminds.com/global5/scuan.html
SCUAI: https://similarminds.com/global5/scuai.html
E
SCOEI: https://similarminds.com/global5/scoei.html
SCOEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/scoen.html
SLOEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/sloen.html
SLOEI: https://similarminds.com/global5/sloei.html
SLUEI: https://similarminds.com/global5/sluei.html
SLUEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/sluen.html
SCUEN: https://similarminds.com/global5/scuen.html
SCUEI: https://similarminds.com/global5/scuei.html
PDFs
Descriptions of each type: https://similarminds.com/Global5-SLOAN_Descriptions.pdf
In-Depth Overview of each dichotomy: https://similarminds.com/Global5-SLOAN_Manual.pdf
__II. Big Five__
Extraversion: S
(Intraverted - Extraverted)
Neuroticism: L
(Emotionally Balanced - Emotionally Reactive)
Conscientiousness: O
(Spontaneous - Disciplined)
Agreeableness: A
(Guarded - Agreeable)
Openness to Experience: I
(Conventional - Open)
I'm not entirely sure if people remember but Big 5 is a subtrait based system. You don't necessarily vote for the trait represented in the letter you vote based on relation to subtraits. Well I'm not too sure how much this applies to global 5 but assuming its just a placing of Big 5 into a typological system then it is to be assumed. Big 5 works by going to a dictionary finding a word and correlating it to a larger, overarching trait. The make up of the trait is just other traits then. - @toro
https://www.idrlabs.com/articles/2019/03/the-big-five-traits-and-subtraits/
https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/831676927076991066/831680196108877855/BigFivePersonalityTraits_v2.png
https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/831676927076991066/867184808886272000/The-Big-Five-domains-and-their-facets.png
Extroversion
Traits: Friendliness, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Activity Level, Excitement Seeking, Cheerfulness
Neuroticism
Traits: Anxiety, Anger, Depression, Self-Consciousness, Immoderation, Vulnerability
Conscientiousness
Traits: Self-Efficacy, Orderliness, Dutifulness, Achievement-Striving, Self-Discipline, Cautiousness
Agreeableness
Traits: Trust, Morality, Altruism, Cooperation, Modesty, Sympathy
Openness to Experience
Traits: Imagination, Artistic Interests, Emotionality, Adventurousness, Intellect, Progressivism
